Starting from Wuhan, China at the end of 2019, the COVID-19 pandemic has now been entered to the end of its second year. This disaster has apparently paralyzed the tourism sector. The movement of global tourists has been decreased very drastically to reach 78% or 1.1 billion (Inventure, 2020) due to the lockdown policy in tourism destinations. UNWTO estimates between US$ 910 to US$ 1,200 billion in losses to the tourism industry from the cessation of global tourist travel. International flights stopped and are followed by the interruption of the activities of related sectors in tourism destinations. In addition, it is predicted that between 100 and 120 million jobs are at risk of being lost or at least vulnerable to risk. More specifically, women workers who are the largest segment of workers in the tourism sector are at risk of losing their livelihoods.
International institutions have responded to the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic. For instance, UNWTO offers a road map that may be more rational for destination countries, namely: a) mitigating socio-economic impacts on livelihoods, especially women’s work and economic security; b) increasing competitiveness and resilience, including through economic diversification, by promoting domestic and regional tourism where possible, and facilitating a conducive business environment for micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs); c) encouragement for innovation and digital transformation of tourism, including the promotion of innovation and investment in digital skills, especially for workers who are temporarily out of work and for job seekers; d) encouragement for sustainable development of green tourism that is resilient, competitive, resource efficient, and carbon neutral; e) coordination and partnerships to restart and transform the sector towards achieving the SDGs, ensuring tourism recovery and easing travel restrictions in a responsible manner. However, the implementation of these directives is not easy for every country, which has different levels of impact and community conditions.